LUNGUDA: The Proud People of Courage, Culture, and Unity — A Glorious Heritage of Adamawa’s Southern Jewel

Tears of tradition, echoes of bravery, and the rhythm of drums tell the story of the Lunguda people — one of Nigeria’s most resilient and culturally rich ethnic groups. With roots deeply anchored in the southern part of Adamawa State and stretching into Gombe State, the Lunguda, known to themselves as “Nunguraya” (meaning interwoven or interconnected), stand as a shining example of unity, courage, and cultural sophistication.

From the dawn of civilization, God created the heavens and the earth, shaping people and their distinct cultures — each with a story to tell. The Lunguda are no exception. They are renowned for their bravery, resilience, and industriousness, particularly in agriculture, hunting, and craftsmanship. Wherever they are found, they stand out — proud, dignified, and easily identified by their iconic tribal masks, symbols of ancestral pride.

The Lunguda are traditionally known as peace-loving yet fearless defenders of their land. Their women, admired for their dark beauty and graceful poise, embody the strength and elegance of their heritage. The men are resourceful farmers and warriors, known for their wisdom, tolerance, and deep sense of community.

Centuries of oral history trace their ancestry to ancient migrations from the Middle East, part of the great dispersal of human races. As they settled across the Benue valley and beyond, they built a cohesive society where unity was their greatest weapon. Their communal defense pact among villages ensured they remained undefeated during the inter-tribal wars that once ravaged many parts of the region.

A History Written in Courage

Historical accounts reveal that in 1904, the Lunguda people bravely resisted a colonial incursion in Banjiram, engaging British forces in a fierce battle. Though the superior firepower of the colonial army eventually subdued them, it never broke their fighting spirit. Their courage became legend — a testament to the Lunguda’s indomitable will.

By 1845, leadership and governance began to take shape under the revered Chief Kwandi Dukel, and later Hrema Parku, who became the first widely recognized ruler under the colonial district system. Through generations, the Lunguda people have remained united, proud, and deeply rooted in their traditions.

One of the most fascinating aspects of Lunguda culture is their matrilineal social structure — a rare and respected trait in many African societies. Women hold significant influence in family lineage, heritage, and decision-making, symbolizing the Lunguda’s deep respect for balance and equality.

Beneath the scenic Lunguda Plateau lies a treasure trove of natural wealth — limestone and other valuable minerals — yet their greatest treasure remains their people and culture.

The Lunguda calendar is filled with colorful festivals that reflect their spirituality and unity:

Sinmi Lalama: An annual kingdom-wide thanksgiving festival held every September.

Borgowe: A grand celebration uniting all Lunguda clans.

Sinmi Tereme: A series of ceremonies held between February and May, and again in December.

Sukahawa: Observed between December and March in Kola and Dangir.

Zimbarka: Marked each January at Walu village.

Mamswama: Celebrated from January to February by the entire kingdom.

Larga: A festival held around March in Bobini.


Each celebration reflects the people’s gratitude to their ancestors, fertility of their land, and the bond that unites them as one nation.

Modern Achievements, Timeless Pride

Today, the Lunguda people continue to thrive across Adamawa and Gombe States, particularly in towns such as Nyiewar, where they form the majority population. They have produced distinguished leaders — including a former Deputy Governor and several top government officials — who carry the Lunguda legacy of integrity, courage, and wisdom into public service.

The Lunguda story is not just about the past — it’s a living heritage of unity, pride, and progress. From the ancient warriors of Banjiram to the educated sons and daughters of today, the Nunguraya people remain interwoven in purpose, unbroken in spirit, and unmatched in cultural grace.