Philip Adams
In the context of global politics, the term failed state has gained significant attention, particularly through the lens of renowned intellectual Noam Chomsky. In his works, Chomsky outlines key characteristics that define a failed state—countries that are unable to meet the basic needs of their citizens, ensure security, and uphold the rule of law. As Nigeria grapples with a myriad of socio-economic and political challenges, it’s worth examining how the current situation compares with Chomsky’s definition of a failed state.
According to Chomsky, a failed state is one where the government is either unable or unwilling to protect its citizens from violence and crime, where there is widespread corruption, economic dysfunction, and a breakdown of public institutions. There is also the erosion of democratic norms, with increasing authoritarianism and a lack of accountability.
Now, let’s apply these characteristics to the current Nigerian reality:
1. Security and Protection: Chomsky argues that a key indicator of a failed state is the government’s inability to protect its citizens. In Nigeria today, insecurity remains one of the country’s most pressing concerns. From the relentless attacks by Boko Haram in the North-East, the rise of banditry and kidnapping in the North-West, to the violent clashes between herders and farmers, and the activities of separatist groups in the South-East, Nigeria’s security architecture is stretched thin. Despite efforts by security agencies, the situation seems to worsen, making many question the government’s capacity to safeguard its people.
2. Corruption and Economic Dysfunction: Chomsky also highlights rampant corruption and economic dysfunction as traits of a failed state. Nigeria, with its vast wealth in natural resources, continues to be plagued by systemic corruption. Public funds intended for development and infrastructure are often diverted for personal gain. As a result, the economy struggles to provide employment, quality healthcare, and education for millions of citizens. The Naira has plunged to record lows, inflation soars, and poverty is widespread, further exacerbating inequality.
3. Weak Institutions and Erosion of Democratic Norms: Another feature of a failed state is the collapse of public institutions and the erosion of democratic processes. Nigeria’s judiciary and legislature have been accused of being weak or influenced by the executive branch. Additionally, electoral malpractice, voter intimidation, and the manipulation of democratic processes cast a shadow over the country’s democratic ideals. Citizens lose faith in the government when the rule of law is selectively applied, or when political elites are seen as above the law.
4. Growing Authoritarianism: Chomsky points out that failed states often exhibit growing authoritarian tendencies, where leaders resort to force to suppress dissent. In Nigeria, the handling of protests—most notably the #EndSARS movement—demonstrated the state’s willingness to use excessive force. Instances of media censorship, suppression of free speech, and the harassment of activists have further painted a picture of a government leaning toward authoritarianism.
While Nigeria has not yet fully crossed the line into becoming a failed state, the trajectory, as highlighted through Chomsky’s characteristics, is deeply concerning. The government must take urgent steps to address these issues before the country teeters closer to the edge. Restoring security, fighting corruption, strengthening democratic institutions, and ensuring economic stability are critical to reversing the trend and ensuring that Nigeria does not become another case study in failure.
In conclusion, Chomsky’s framework offers a sobering lens through which to view Nigeria’s current situation. While it remains a functioning state, the cracks in its foundation are too glaring to ignore. The question remains: will Nigeria take the necessary steps to prevent further decline, or will it continue down the path toward state failure?
References:
Chomsky, Noam. Failed States: The Abuse of Power and the Assault on Democracy. Metropolitan Books, 2006.
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